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The evidence

References

The research Lex The Saurus is built on. We add to this list as we publish more of the thinking behind the books.

Lex The Saurus is built on peer‑reviewed research in morphology, linguistics and learning science. This is the full list of sources we cite across the site. The numbers here match the citations on each page.

  1. 1. Carlisle, J. F. (2000). Awareness of the structure and meaning of morphologically complex words: Impact on reading. Reading and Writing, 12, 169 to 190. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008131926604
  2. 2. Rastle, K. (2019). The place of morphology in learning to read in English. Cortex, 116, 45 to 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.02.008
  3. 3. Bowers, P. N., Kirby, J. R., & Deacon, S. H. (2010). The effects of morphological instruction on literacy skills: A systematic review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 80(2), 144 to 179. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654309359353
  4. 4. Cunningham, A. E., & Stanovich, K. E. (1997). Early reading acquisition and its relation to reading experience and ability 10 years later. Developmental Psychology, 33(6), 934 to 945. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.934
  5. 5. Duncan, G. J., Dowsett, C. J., Claessens, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, A. C., Klebanov, P., Pagani, L. S., Feinstein, L., Engel, M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Sexton, H., Duckworth, K., & Japel, C. (2007). School readiness and later achievement. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1428 to 1446. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1428
  6. 6. Mullis, I. V. S., von Davier, M., Foy, P., Fishbein, B., Reynolds, K. A., & Wry, E. (2023). PIRLS 2021 international results in reading. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College. https://pirls2021.org/results
  7. 7. Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. C. (1984). How many words are there in printed school English? Reading Research Quarterly, 19(3), 304 to 330.
  8. 8. Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257 to 285.
  9. 9. Carlisle, J. F. (2010). Effects of instruction in morphological awareness on literacy achievement: An integrative review. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(4), 464 to 487.
  10. 10. Goodwin, A. P., & Ahn, S. (2010). A meta-analysis of morphological interventions: Effects on literacy achievement of children with literacy difficulties. Annals of Dyslexia, 60, 183 to 208.